Should repurpose batteries have a second life standard?

Standards governing second life should ideally be developed in coherence with those applicable in the first life of batteries, so that companies planning to repurpose batteries perform the same set of tests as for new batteries.

Can batteries be used in a Second Life format?

These batteries have many viable applications in a second life format; for example, to provide an energy store within our grid energy networks, to complement the intermittent loading associated with renewable energy harvesting methods (Zhu et al., 2021a; Martinez-Laserna et al., 2018).

Can second-life lithium-ion batteries be used in customer energy management?

Several pilot projects exist for second-life lithium-ion batteries used in customer energy management strategies, ranging from small to large-scale customers (Table). For example, Nissan’s European headquarters in Paris, France, features a 192kWh/144kW system composed of 12 second-life Nissan Leaf batteries.

Are second-life batteries a viable solution for e-mobility?

Second-life batteries provide affordable solutions for battery energy storage and e-mobility, accelerating electrification efforts globally. To realize this potential, several steps must be taken: Standardization of testing and grading processes will reduce inefficiencies and reduce the prices of second-life battery by removing labor costs.

How can we promote Second-Life batteries?

Federal and state tax credits, rebates, and other financial incentives should be offered to promote the application of second-life batteries. The availability of battery data is critical for these , and one approach to do this is by using a software in the BMS to follow the batteries from their inception.

Are second-life batteries good for the environment?

As TOU rates trend towards evening hours, utilizing second-life batteries in behind-the-meter load shifting applications provides an environmental benefit as well, since they charge from cleaner electricity during the day, then displace demand for energy that would otherwise be supplied by natural gas peaker plants.