How long does a lead-acid battery last?

general rule of thumb for a vented lead-acid battery is that the battery life is halved for every 15°F (8.3°C) above 77°F (25°C). Thus, a battery rated for 5 years of operation under ideal conditions at 77°F (25°C) might only last 2.5 years at 95°F (35°C).

Do lead-acid batteries affect the environment?

Received 3rd March 2025 , Accepted 15th May 2025 Although lead–acid batteries (LABs) often act as a reference system to environmentally assess existing and emerging storage technologies, no study on the environmental impact of LABs based on primary data from Europe or North America since 2010 could be found.

What is a deep discharge cycle on a lead-acid battery?

Lead-acid batteries having lead calcium grid structures are particularly susceptible to aging due to repeated cycling. A deep discharge cycle is defined as any discharge over 80% of the rated capacity. Most manufacturers provide warranties based on the number of discharge cycles

Why do lead-acid batteries fail?

Battery failure rates, as defined by a loss of capacity and the corrosion of the positive plates, increase with the number of discharge cycles and the depth of discharge. Lead-acid batteries having lead calcium grid structures are particularly susceptible to aging due to repeated cycling.

What are the three phases of a battery life cycle?

In terms of considered life cycle phases, only 21 out of 44 studies include all three phases of the life cycle (production, use and end-of-life (EOL)), although it is crucial to examine the full life cycle to be able to compare different batteries.

Do LaB and LFP batteries need to be replaced?

This is due to the fact that both the LAB and the LFP battery have at least a calendrical lifetime of 10 years and at least a cycle lifetime of 20 cycles (10 years of operation × 2 cycles per year) and therefore do not need to be replaced during the period of use.