How are lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries managed in Thailand in 2022?

This study used material flow analysis and life cycle impact assessment to evaluate the management of lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries in Thailand in 2022. Four scenarios were designed, employing two methods: landfilling and material recovery. Landfilling lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries showed significant negative environmental impacts.

Why is lead acid battery manufacturing growing in Thailand?

Over the past ten years, the automobile manufacturing basis has shifted to Thailand, thus trans-forming the country into an automobile industrial hub in Asia. An integral part of this industry, lead acid battery manufacturing has exhibited tremendous growth with increasing trends toward new manufacturing technology.

Can lead acid battery be environmentally friendly?

These issues were analyzed and ways of improving the battery were proposed and separated according to the environ-mental issues that arose during the life cycle of the battery. The result of this study should be seen as environmental performance indication on how to even enhance the environmental friendliness of lead acid battery.

How can lead-acid batteries be recycled?

Four scenarios were designed, employing two methods: landfilling and material recovery. Landfilling lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries showed significant negative environmental impacts. Lead recovery for lead-acid batteries waste also had negative impacts due to slag generation.

Are metal recovery and landfilling better for lithium-ion batteries?

When comparing the two methods, landfilling was preferable for lead-acid batteries, whereas metal recovery was better for lithium-ion batteries. These findings provide essential information for battery management guidelines in Thailand and indicate that future research should explore additional methods and their economic aspect.

What is the most common car battery technology in Thailand?

past, the most common automobile battery technology in Thailand involved the con-ventional lead-acid type employed grids made from lead–antimony alloys which yield batteries requiring the addition of water at regular intervals to extend usage life.